Which defense mechanism entails retreating to earlier or more primitive forms of behavior?

• A. Regression
• B. Rationalization
• C. Displacement
• D. Denial

Answer: (A)

Regression is a defense mechanism where, under stress, a person reverts to earlier, childlike or more primitive patterns of behavior. This retreat provides a temporary sense of safety because those behaviors are familiar and require less adult functioning in the face of anxiety or threat. For example, an adult who begins acting like a dependent child and seeking constant reassurance, or a teenager who reverts to childish tantrums when rules or expectations become strict. In some cases, an individual may return to behaviors from an earlier developmental stage as a way to cope with overwhelm.

Rationalization involves creating logical excuses to justify actions, displacement shifts emotions to a safer target, and denial refuses to accept reality. None of these describe returning to earlier modes of behaving, which is why regression fits best.