Stage 6 is best described as which orientation?

• A. Self-chosen principled orientation; universal ethical principles apply
• B. Social contracts
• C. Interpersonal acceptance
• D. Obedience

Answer: (A)

Stage six is about reasoning from self-chosen, universal ethical principles. People at this level judge actions by abstract ideals—justice, human rights, and the equality of all people—even if those principles conflict with laws or social norms. They act according to conscience when faced with a moral dilemma, prioritizing what is morally right over simply following authority or adhering to social expectations.

This fits best because it goes beyond relying on laws or social agreements (which is the focus of the social contracts orientation), beyond seeking approval from others (interpersonal acceptance), or obeying rules to avoid punishment (obedience). It emphasizes applying universal principles to guide behavior, even when that means going against conventions or authorities.